Designing Accessible Household Toilets for Persons with Disabilities in Rural India 

This comprehensive guide offers practical design solutions for building inclusive and accessible individual household toilets (IHHL) for persons with disabilities (PwDs) in rural areas. Rooted in the rights-based framework of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, the guide outlines key principles of universal design, retrofitting solutions, and behavioural considerations to ensure dignity, safety, and usability for all.

The document provides:

• Four modular toilet designs tailored to different disability categories (mobility, visual, intellectual, and developmental impairments)
  
  

• Detailed architectural standards and measurements for pathways, ramps, doors, grab bars, emergency alarms, and menstrual hygiene needs
  
  

• Retrofitting options for existing toilets
  
  

• Cost estimates based on field-level implementation
  
  

• Guidance on operation, maintenance, and user behaviour change
  
  

This resource is intended for policymakers, engineers, grassroots workers, and WASH practitioners committed to building a more inclusive sanitation ecosystem under Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Phase II.